{"id":1810,"date":"2026-06-05T05:25:58","date_gmt":"2026-06-05T05:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/?p=1810"},"modified":"2026-06-08T03:59:42","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T03:59:42","slug":"1-trong-nhung-che-pham-vi-sinh-vat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/2026\/06\/05\/1-trong-nhung-che-pham-vi-sinh-vat\/","title":{"rendered":"1 OF THE PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> 1 trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m vi sinh <em>G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng &amp; n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ph\u1ed1t pho (P) l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng P trong \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng tan m\u00e0 c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. S\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00edch l\u0169y P d\u01b0 th\u1eeba trong \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00e2y ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00f3a (eutrophication) nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1t pho h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms \u2014 PSM) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong chu tr\u00ecnh P t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: ch\u00fang ti\u1ebft acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1, enzyme phytase v\u00e0 phosphatase \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a P kh\u00f4ng tan th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y h\u1ea5p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m PSM v\u1eeba n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2n, v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a PSM, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi sinh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I. V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Ph\u1ed1t Pho trong N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ed1t pho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t (N-P-K) cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a P khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 &#8220;kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh&#8221; nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea5t: P d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1eaft (Fe), nh\u00f4m (Al) \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t chua, ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi canxi (Ca) \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng tan. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201325% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ea5p thu trong v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1. V\u00f2ng \u0110\u1eddi Ph\u1ed1t Pho trong \u0110\u1ea5t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea3ng 1. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi photpho trong \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>D\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e2y h\u1ea5p thu<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>P h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (Po)<\/strong><\/td><td>Chi\u1ebfm 30\u201365% t\u1ed5ng P \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f9n, x\u00e1c b\u00e3 h\u1eefu c\u01a1, axit nucleic, phospholipid, phytate<\/td><td>Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u2014 c\u1ea7n enzyme ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>P v\u00f4 c\u01a1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/strong><\/td><td>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Fe\/Al (\u0111\u1ea5t chua) ho\u1eb7c Ca (\u0111\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m) th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i kh\u00f3 tan nh\u01b0 AlPO\u2084, FePO\u2084, Ca\u2083(PO\u2084)\u2082<\/td><td>R\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u2014 &lt; 1% t\u1ed5ng P<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>P d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau (labile P)<\/strong><\/td><td>D\u1ea1ng H\u2082PO\u2084\u207b v\u00e0 HPO\u2084\u00b2\u207b h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea5t, trong c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi pha r\u1eafn<\/td><td>Cao \u2014 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y h\u1ea5p thu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>P trong sinh kh\u1ed1i vi sinh<\/strong><\/td><td>P g\u1eafn k\u1ebft trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td><td>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng khi vi sinh ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"605\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/l1.png\" alt=\" 1 trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m vi sinh\" class=\"wp-image-1811\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/l1.png 605w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/l1-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/l1-600x391.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 605px) 100vw, 605px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng P t\u00edch l\u0169y trong \u0111\u1ea5t do b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf \u1edf d\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau. Kho P &#8220;ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng&#8221; kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u2014 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng canh t\u00e1c l\u00e2u n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m kg P\/ha \u2014 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1t pho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c, thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00f3n th\u00eam ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2. \u00d4 Nhi\u1ec5m Ph\u1ed1t Pho \u2014 Hi\u1ec3m H\u1ecda T\u1eeb Th\u00f3i Quen B\u00f3n D\u01b0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00f3a (eutrophication) l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c P d\u01b0 th\u1eeba r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 P trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 0,02 mg\/L, t\u1ea3o lam v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 oxy h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 (cyanotoxin) g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t sinh v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u26a0<\/strong><strong>\ufe0f Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m P t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 Nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng rau, l\u00faa th\u00e2m canh t\u00edch l\u0169y P v\u00f4 c\u01a1 &gt; 200 mg\/kg \u0111\u1ea5t \u2014 g\u1ea5p 4\u20135 l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 C\u00e1c h\u1ed3, k\u00eanh m\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0110BSCL v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 ghi nh\u1eadn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 P v\u01b0\u1ee3t quy chu\u1ea9n QCVN 08<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 15\u201320%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 Chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm 15\u201320% t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt t\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u2014 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 T\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9c b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn P d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II.  1 trong nh\u1eefng Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m Vi Sinh V\u1eadt Ph\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1ed1t Pho H\u1eefu C\u01a1 (PSM) <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM) l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng P kh\u00f3 tan \u2014 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 P h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 P v\u00f4 c\u01a1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u2014 th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng orthophosphate (H\u2082PO\u2084\u207b, HPO\u2084\u00b2\u207b) m\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh th\u00e1i, bao g\u1ed3m vi khu\u1ea9n, n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 x\u1ea1 khu\u1ea9n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u chi kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, PSM hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 canh t\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2m canh, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung PSM d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m gi\u00fap ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1. C\u00e1c Ch\u1ee7ng PSM Ti\u00eau Bi\u1ec3u<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea3ng 2. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i photpho \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Vi sinh v\u1eadt<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Bacillus megaterium<\/strong><\/td><td>Ti\u1ebft acid gluconic, acid citric; phosphatase ki\u1ec1m cao; b\u00e0o t\u1eed b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 pH r\u1ed9ng<\/td><td>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i; d\u1ec5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kho b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bacillus subtilis<\/strong><\/td><td>Ti\u1ebft phosphatase, phytase v\u00e0 iturin kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi; k\u00e9p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng PSM + ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh<\/td><td>L\u1ee3i \u00edch k\u00e9p: h\u00f2a tan P + \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea5t; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pseudomonas fluorescens<\/strong><\/td><td>Ti\u1ebft acid gluconic l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 siderophore; ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 P h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u1eabn P-Fe\/Al<\/td><td>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t chua c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u P-Fe\/Al; k\u00edch th\u00edch sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ec5 (PGPR)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Penicillium bilaiae<\/strong><\/td><td>Ti\u1ebft acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 enzyme phytase \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i phytate (P h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ea1t)<\/td><td>\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u phytate; ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Trichoderma spp.<\/strong><\/td><td>Ti\u1ebft enzyme phosphatase v\u00e0 acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh r\u1ec5<\/td><td>\u0110a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: PSM + kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m + k\u00edch th\u00edch r\u1ec5; d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Rhizobium spp.<\/strong><\/td><td>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh PSM k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m c\u1ed9ng sinh v\u1edbi c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu<\/td><td>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ed9ng: k\u00e9p l\u1ee3i P + N trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Streptomyces spp.<\/strong><\/td><td>X\u1ea1 khu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft enzyme phytase v\u00e0 phosphodiesterase ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i phospholipid trong m\u00f9n<\/td><td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e1c b\u00e3 h\u1eefu c\u01a1; c\u0169ng ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1ng sinh ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"273\" src=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/l2.png\" alt=\"ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m vi sinh\" class=\"wp-image-1812\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/l2.png 275w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/l2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/l2-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2. C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Ph\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1ed1t Pho<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1 h\u1ea1 pH c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan P v\u00f4 c\u01a1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Vi sinh v\u1eadt PSM ti\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p \u2014 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 acid gluconic, citric, lactic, malic v\u00e0 oxalic. C\u00e1c acid n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m pH c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 quanh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 proton h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kho\u00e1ng, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft P-Ca, P-Fe, P-Al \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng orthophosphate v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chelate (t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee9c) c\u1ee7a acid citric v\u00e0 oxalic v\u1edbi Fe\u00b3\u207a v\u00e0 Al\u00b3\u207a c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: ch\u00fang &#8220;b\u1eaft gi\u1eef&#8221; kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea1nh tranh, ng\u0103n P b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u1ea1i, duy tr\u00ec P \u1edf d\u1ea1ng h\u00f2a tan l\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf enzyme: Phytase v\u00e0 Phosphatase<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn P h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng phytate (mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a acid phytic \u2014 inositol hexaphosphate), phospholipid, acid nucleic v\u00e0 phosphoprotein. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kho P kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu enzyme ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea3ng 3. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Enzyme ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i P.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Enzyme<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Phytase (3-phytase, 6-phytase)<\/strong><\/td><td>C\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft ester gi\u1eefa phosphate v\u00e0 inositol trong phytate \u2014 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t 6 nh\u00f3m phosphate. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 enzyme quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec phytate chi\u1ebfm 50\u201380% P h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Acid phosphatase<\/strong><\/td><td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u pH 4\u20136; do vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m ti\u1ebft ra; ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i phosphomonoester trong m\u00f9n axit.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ki\u1ec1m phosphatase<\/strong><\/td><td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u pH 7\u20139; ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf vi khu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 Bacillus; ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i P h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec1m.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Phosphodiesterase<\/strong><\/td><td>Ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i phosphodiester \u2014 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng P t\u1eeb axit nucleic (DNA, RNA) v\u00e0 phospholipid trong x\u00e1c h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Phosphonatase, C-P Lyase<\/strong><\/td><td>Ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i P-C bond trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t phosphonate b\u1ec1n \u2014 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb c\u1ecf g\u1ed1c glyphosate.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp: K\u00edch th\u00edch r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng sinh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean P, nhi\u1ec1u PSM c\u00f2n k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 th\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ebft auxin (IAA), gibberellin v\u00e0 cytokinin. R\u1ec5 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ec5 con h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p thu P cao h\u01a1n \u2014 ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 P trong \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng &#8220;nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i&#8221; c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III. T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a PSM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1. Gi\u1ea3m \u00d4 Nhi\u1ec5m Ph\u1ed1t Pho<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a PSM ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo hai h\u01b0\u1edbng song song: khai th\u00e1c kho P s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea5t (gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n m\u1edbi) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng P b\u00f3n v\u00e0o (gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\ud83d\udcca Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m P qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 Gi\u1ea3m 20\u201340% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n c\u1ea7n b\u00f3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t (nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean l\u00faa, ng\u00f4, \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 T\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng P t\u1eeb 15\u201320% l\u00ean 40\u201360% khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p PSM v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n v\u00f4 c\u01a1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 Gi\u1ea3m 30\u201350% n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 P h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ru\u1ed9ng sau 60 ng\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng PSM<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 Chuy\u1ec3n P d\u01b0 th\u1eeba trong \u0111\u1ea5t sang d\u1ea1ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 Gi\u1ea3m t\u00edch l\u0169y P v\u00f4 c\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n sau 3\u20135 v\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PSM li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2. L\u1ee3i \u00cdch N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p Tr\u1ef1c Ti\u1ebfp<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea3ng 4. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i P.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>T\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/td><td>Trung b\u00ecnh 10\u201330% t\u00f9y c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t. Cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o P d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t chua nhi\u1ec1u P-Fe\/Al.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n v\u00f4 c\u01a1<\/strong><\/td><td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m 25\u201350% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0o m\u00e0 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1edd khai th\u00e1c P s\u1eb5n trong \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td><td>P \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ATP, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein v\u00e0 axit nucleic \u2014 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t, c\u1ee7 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>K\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh<\/strong><\/td><td>PSM ti\u1ebft auxin (IAA) gi\u00fap t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 con v\u00e0 l\u00f4ng h\u00fat; r\u1ec5 \u0103n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, h\u1ea5p thu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ec7 vi sinh \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><td>PSM c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1edbi m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea5t; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1ng sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>T\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/td><td>P \u0111\u1ee7 cung c\u1ea5p t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea5p thu N v\u00e0 K; gi\u00fap c\u00e2y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"497\" height=\"364\" src=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/l3.png\" alt=\"ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m vi sinh\" class=\"wp-image-1813\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/l3.png 497w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/l3-300x220.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3. T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u00ean Chu Tr\u00ecnh P To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd k\u00e9p: m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, m\u1ecf qu\u1eb7ng phosphate (ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n) \u0111ang c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u2014 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 cho 50\u2013100 n\u0103m n\u1eefa; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, P d\u01b0 th\u1eeba trong \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. PSM ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ebf: t\u00e1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n P \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y trong \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qu\u1eb7ng phosphate kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m P m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV. H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng Ch\u1ebf Ph\u1ea9m PSM Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m PSM kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 b\u00f3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 (colonization) th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1. Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u1ea7n Tr\u00e1nh Khi D\u00f9ng PSM<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u274c C\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 PSM<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 D\u00f9ng ngay sau khi b\u00f3n v\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea5t: pH \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t cao v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi sinh PSM<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp: Tia UV gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft vi sinh v\u1eadt. Lu\u00f4n pha v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t, s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u m\u00e1t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 Pha s\u1eb5n ch\u1edd l\u00e2u: Vi sinh s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft trong dung d\u1ecbch lo\u00e3ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 2 gi\u1edd. Pha xong d\u00f9ng ngay<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 D\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb n\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ng sinh: C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi sinh PSM c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 B\u1ecf qua \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m: \u0110\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4 (\u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m &lt; 30% FC) l\u00e0m vi sinh kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 sau khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 K\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec: PSM c\u1ea7n 2\u20133 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sau 30\u201345 ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022 D\u00f9ng PSM \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 sung h\u1eefu c\u01a1: Thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n carbon, vi sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 &#8220;th\u1ee9c \u0103n&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2. \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea5t T\u1ed1i \u01afu cho PSM Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea3ng 5. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i P ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho PSM<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>pH \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><td>5,5\u20137,5. Vi khu\u1ea9n PSM \u01b0u ti\u00ean pH 6\u20137,5; n\u1ea5m PSM ch\u1ecbu pH th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 4,5\u20136. C\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh pH tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu ngo\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><td>25\u201335\u00b0C. Ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh enzyme gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi 15\u00b0C v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 40\u00b0C. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi \u0111\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng ban tr\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1nh.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m<\/strong><\/td><td>50\u201380%. \u0110\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vi sinh; \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ecb kh\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 PSM hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea5t (SOM)<\/strong><\/td><td>&gt; 1,5%. SOM cung c\u1ea5p carbon v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho vi sinh nh\u00e2n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ea5t SOM th\u1ea5p c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung compost \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>P d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau trong \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td><td>&lt; 30 ppm P d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau. Khi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba P d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf PSM ti\u1ebft phosphatase \u2014 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V. PSM trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ebf Ph\u1ea9m Vi Sinh Ph\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 1 trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m vi sinh ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p (microbial consortia) \u2014 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng vi sinh kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng (synergistic effect). PSM l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1. C\u00e1c T\u1ed5 H\u1ee3p Vi Sinh Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p vi sinh<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>PSM + Vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m (Azotobacter, Rhizobium)<\/strong><\/td><td>Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi N v\u00e0 P \u2014 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. P \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00fap Rhizobium h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ed1t s\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n; N \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00fap PSM c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p enzyme.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>PSM +<a href=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/san-pham\/che-pham-sinh-hoc-vi-sinh-visii-plus\/\" data-type=\"product\" data-id=\"1601\"> Bacillus<\/a> subtilis (kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh)<\/strong><\/td><td>PSM gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng P; Bacillus \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft enzyme ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i P h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e2y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o xanh, Fusarium, l\u1edf c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>PSM + N\u1ea5m Mycorrhiza (AMF)<\/strong><\/td><td>C\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o: PSM h\u00f2a tan P xung quanh; AMF m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea5p thu P v\u00e0o r\u1ec5. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u0103ng h\u1ea5p thu P g\u1ea5p 3\u20135 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>PSM + Trichoderma spp.<\/strong><\/td><td>Trichoderma ti\u1ebft th\u00eam acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 enzyme ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i P, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh r\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e2y rau m\u00e0u.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>PSM + Vi khu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft Siderophore<\/strong><\/td><td>Siderophore chelate Fe\u00b3\u207a v\u00e0 Al\u00b3\u207a c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi P \u2014 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0m t\u0103ng P h\u00f2a tan. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t chua nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f4m s\u1eaft.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VI. K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Khuy\u1ebfn Ngh\u1ecb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1 trong nh\u1eefng Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1t pho h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cao nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay \u2014 v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i to\u00e1n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u01b0 th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2014 n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt t\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u2014 PSM l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i v\u1eeba kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eeba b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 PSM ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3: b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh pH, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00f4 c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ed1t pho l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u2014 qu\u1eb7ng phosphate to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i P kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a h\u00f4m nay, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n cho n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21: t\u00e1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n P, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{&quot;notices&quot;:[],&quot;hideNextPreviousButtons&quot;:false,&quot;isDisabledPrevious&quot;:true,&quot;isDisabledNext&quot;:false,&quot;ariaLabelPrevious&quot;:&quot;Scroll products left&quot;,&quot;ariaLabelNext&quot;:&quot;Scroll products right&quot;,&quot;collection&quot;:&quot;woocommerce\\\/product-collection\\\/featured&quot;}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onRender\" data-wp-interactive=\"woocommerce\/product-collection\" data-wp-router-region=\"wc-product-collection-1\" data-__private-preview-state=\"{&quot;isPreview&quot;:false,&quot;previewMessage&quot;:&quot;S\\u1ea3n ph\\u1ea9m th\\u1ef1c t\\u1ebf s\\u1ebd kh\\u00e1c nhau t\\u00f9y theo trang \\u0111\\u01b0\\u1ee3c xem.&quot;}\" data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-collection\" data-collection=\"woocommerce\/product-collection\/featured\" data-dimensions=\"{&quot;widthType&quot;:&quot;fill&quot;}\" data-display-layout=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;,&quot;columns&quot;:5,&quot;shrinkColumns&quot;:true}\" data-hide-controls=\"[&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;featured&quot;,&quot;filterable&quot;]\" data-query-context-includes=\"[&quot;collection&quot;]\" data-query-id=\"1\" data-query=\"{&quot;perPage&quot;:5,&quot;pages&quot;:1,&quot;offset&quot;:0,&quot;postType&quot;:&quot;product&quot;,&quot;order&quot;:&quot;asc&quot;,&quot;orderBy&quot;:&quot;title&quot;,&quot;search&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;exclude&quot;:[],&quot;inherit&quot;:false,&quot;taxQuery&quot;:[],&quot;isProductCollectionBlock&quot;:true,&quot;featured&quot;:true,&quot;woocommerceOnSale&quot;:false,&quot;woocommerceStockStatus&quot;:[&quot;instock&quot;,&quot;outofstock&quot;,&quot;onbackorder&quot;],&quot;woocommerceAttributes&quot;:[],&quot;woocommerceHandPickedProducts&quot;:[],&quot;filterable&quot;:false,&quot;relatedBy&quot;:{&quot;categories&quot;:true,&quot;tags&quot;:true}}\" data-tag-name=\"div\" class=\"wp-block-woocommerce-product-collection is-layout-flow wp-block-woocommerce-product-collection-is-layout-flow\">\t\t<div data-wp-interactive=\"woocommerce\/store-notices\" class=\"wc-block-components-notices alignwide\">\n\t\t\t<template data-wp-each--notice=\"state.notices\" data-wp-each-key=\"context.notice.id\">\n\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"wc-block-components-notice-banner\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.scrollIntoView\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--is-error=\"state.isError\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--is-success =\"state.isSuccess\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--is-info=\"state.isInfo\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--is-dismissible=\"context.notice.dismissible\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--role=\"state.role\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<path data-wp-bind--d=\"state.iconPath\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wc-block-components-notice-banner__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span data-wp-init=\"callbacks.renderNoticeContent\" aria-live=\"assertive\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--hidden=\"!context.notice.dismissible\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"wc-block-components-button wp-element-button wc-block-components-notice-banner__dismiss contained\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Dismiss this notice\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.removeNotice\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M13 11.8l6.1-6.3-1-1-6.1 6.2-6.1-6.2-1 1 6.1 6.3-6.5 6.7 1 1 6.5-6.6 6.5 6.6 1-1z\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/template>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"margin-bottom:1rem\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-template\" class=\"wc-block-product-template__responsive columns-5 wc-block-product-template wp-block-woocommerce-product-template is-layout-flow wp-block-woocommerce-product-template-is-layout-flow\" data-wp-on--scroll=\"actions.watchScroll\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initResizeObserver\"><li class=\"wc-block-product post-648 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-bio2a product_cat-cai-tao-dat desktop-align-center tablet-align-center mobile-align-center first instock featured shipping-taxable product-type-external\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-interactive=\"woocommerce\/product-collection\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-context='{\"productId\":648}'\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-key=\"product-item-648\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-image\" data-image-sizing=\"thumbnail\" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop=\"true\" data-show-sale-badge=\"false\" class=\"wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wc-block-components-product-image--aspect-ratio-auto wp-block-woocommerce-product-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/product\/biocarb-soil-5-lit\/\" style=\"\" data-wp-on--click=\"woocommerce\/product-collection::actions.viewProduct\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/1-2-300x300.png\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"BIOCARB SOIL 5L\" data-testid=\"product-image\" data-image-id=\"1330\" style=\"object-fit:cover;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/1-2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/1-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/1-2-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/1-2.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><div class=\"wc-block-components-product-image__inner-container\">\n\n<\/div><\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0\" class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size\"><a data-wp-on--click=\"woocommerce\/product-collection::actions.viewProduct\" href=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/product\/biocarb-soil-5-lit\/\" target=\"_blank\" >BIOCARB SOIL 5L<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-price\" data-font-size=\"small\" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop=\"true\" data-text-align=\"center\" class=\"wp-block-woocommerce-product-price\" ><div class=\"wc-block-components-product-price wc-block-grid__product-price has-text-align-center has-font-size has-small-font-size has-text-align-center\" style=\"\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-button\" data-font-size=\"small\" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop=\"true\" data-text-align=\"center\" class=\"wp-block-button wc-block-components-product-button is-style-outline align-center wp-block-woocommerce-product-button has-small-font-size\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-context='{\"quantityToAdd\":1,\"productId\":648,\"productType\":\"external\",\"addToCartText\":\"Mua ngay\",\"tempQuantity\":0,\"animationStatus\":\"IDLE\",\"inTheCartText\":\"### in cart\",\"noticeId\":\"\",\"hasPressedButton\":false}'\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button wc-block-components-product-button__button product_type_external has-font-size has-small-font-size has-text-align-center wc-interactive\" style=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/s.shopee.vn\/qfF93xqNr\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-product_id=\"648\" data-product_sku=\"\" aria-label=\"Mua ngay\" data-wp-on--click=\"woocommerce\/product-collection::actions.viewProduct\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span >Mua ngay<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/li><li class=\"wc-block-product post-1415 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_brand-bio2a product_cat-bio2a product_cat-cai-tao-dat product_tag-bo-sung-dinh-duong desktop-align-center tablet-align-center mobile-align-center  instock featured shipping-taxable product-type-external\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-interactive=\"woocommerce\/product-collection\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-context='{\"productId\":1415}'\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-key=\"product-item-1415\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-image\" data-image-sizing=\"thumbnail\" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop=\"true\" data-show-sale-badge=\"false\" class=\"wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wc-block-components-product-image--aspect-ratio-auto wp-block-woocommerce-product-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/product\/che-pham-sinh-hoc-vi-sinh-gf-bio-nutri\/\" style=\"\" data-wp-on--click=\"woocommerce\/product-collection::actions.viewProduct\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/sp-6-300x300.png\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"GF BIO-NUTRI 5L\" data-testid=\"product-image\" data-image-id=\"1988\" style=\"object-fit:cover;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/sp-6-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/sp-6-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/sp-6-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><div class=\"wc-block-components-product-image__inner-container\">\n\n<\/div><\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0\" class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size\"><a data-wp-on--click=\"woocommerce\/product-collection::actions.viewProduct\" href=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/product\/che-pham-sinh-hoc-vi-sinh-gf-bio-nutri\/\" target=\"_blank\">GF BIO-NUTRI 5L<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-price\" data-font-size=\"small\" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop=\"true\" data-text-align=\"center\" class=\"wp-block-woocommerce-product-price\" ><div class=\"wc-block-components-product-price wc-block-grid__product-price has-text-align-center has-font-size has-small-font-size has-text-align-center\" style=\"\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-button\" data-font-size=\"small\" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop=\"true\" data-text-align=\"center\" class=\"wp-block-button wc-block-components-product-button is-style-outline align-center wp-block-woocommerce-product-button has-small-font-size\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-context='{\"quantityToAdd\":1,\"productId\":1415,\"productType\":\"external\",\"addToCartText\":\"Mua ngay\",\"tempQuantity\":0,\"animationStatus\":\"IDLE\",\"inTheCartText\":\"### in cart\",\"noticeId\":\"\",\"hasPressedButton\":false}'\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button wc-block-components-product-button__button product_type_external has-font-size has-small-font-size has-text-align-center wc-interactive\" style=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/s.shopee.vn\/8KkfWFxcgX\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-product_id=\"1415\" data-product_sku=\"\" aria-label=\"Mua ngay\" data-wp-on--click=\"woocommerce\/product-collection::actions.viewProduct\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span >Mua ngay<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/li><li class=\"wc-block-product post-1337 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_brand-bio2a product_cat-bio2a product_cat-dinh-duong desktop-align-center tablet-align-center mobile-align-center  instock featured shipping-taxable product-type-external\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-interactive=\"woocommerce\/product-collection\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-context='{\"productId\":1337}'\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-key=\"product-item-1337\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-image\" data-image-sizing=\"thumbnail\" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop=\"true\" data-show-sale-badge=\"false\" class=\"wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wc-block-components-product-image--aspect-ratio-auto wp-block-woocommerce-product-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/product\/saty-canxi\/\" style=\"\" data-wp-on--click=\"woocommerce\/product-collection::actions.viewProduct\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2-300x300.png\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"phan-bon-sinh-hoc\" data-testid=\"product-image\" data-image-id=\"1339\" style=\"object-fit:cover;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><div class=\"wc-block-components-product-image__inner-container\">\n\n<\/div><\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0\" class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size\"><a data-wp-on--click=\"woocommerce\/product-collection::actions.viewProduct\" href=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/product\/saty-canxi\/\" target=\"_blank\">SATY CANXI 220ml<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-price\" data-font-size=\"small\" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop=\"true\" data-text-align=\"center\" class=\"wp-block-woocommerce-product-price\" ><div class=\"wc-block-components-product-price wc-block-grid__product-price has-text-align-center has-font-size has-small-font-size has-text-align-center\" style=\"\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-button\" data-font-size=\"small\" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop=\"true\" data-text-align=\"center\" class=\"wp-block-button wc-block-components-product-button is-style-outline align-center wp-block-woocommerce-product-button has-small-font-size\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-context='{\"quantityToAdd\":1,\"productId\":1337,\"productType\":\"external\",\"addToCartText\":\"Mua ngay\",\"tempQuantity\":0,\"animationStatus\":\"IDLE\",\"inTheCartText\":\"### in cart\",\"noticeId\":\"\",\"hasPressedButton\":false}'\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button wc-block-components-product-button__button product_type_external has-font-size has-small-font-size has-text-align-center wc-interactive\" style=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/s.shopee.vn\/10yfHmLIHh\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-product_id=\"1337\" data-product_sku=\"\" aria-label=\"Mua ngay\" data-wp-on--click=\"woocommerce\/product-collection::actions.viewProduct\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span >Mua ngay<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/li><li class=\"wc-block-product post-1601 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_brand-bio2a product_cat-bio2a product_cat-quan-ly-con-trung product_tag-tri-benh desktop-align-center tablet-align-center mobile-align-center last instock featured shipping-taxable product-type-external\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-interactive=\"woocommerce\/product-collection\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-context='{\"productId\":1601}'\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-key=\"product-item-1601\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-image\" data-image-sizing=\"thumbnail\" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop=\"true\" data-show-sale-badge=\"false\" class=\"wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wc-block-components-product-image--aspect-ratio-auto wp-block-woocommerce-product-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/product\/che-pham-sinh-hoc-vi-sinh-visii-plus\/\" style=\"\" data-wp-on--click=\"woocommerce\/product-collection::actions.viewProduct\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/z7731552662489_6d35ef57f913c31fe4f1acf216206795-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"VISII PLUS 5L\" data-testid=\"product-image\" data-image-id=\"1624\" style=\"object-fit:cover;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/z7731552662489_6d35ef57f913c31fe4f1acf216206795-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/z7731552662489_6d35ef57f913c31fe4f1acf216206795-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/z7731552662489_6d35ef57f913c31fe4f1acf216206795-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><div class=\"wc-block-components-product-image__inner-container\">\n\n<\/div><\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0\" class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size\"><a data-wp-on--click=\"woocommerce\/product-collection::actions.viewProduct\" href=\"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/product\/che-pham-sinh-hoc-vi-sinh-visii-plus\/\" target=\"_blank\">VISII PLUS 5L<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-price\" data-font-size=\"small\" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop=\"true\" data-text-align=\"center\" class=\"wp-block-woocommerce-product-price\" ><div class=\"wc-block-components-product-price wc-block-grid__product-price has-text-align-center has-font-size has-small-font-size has-text-align-center\" style=\"\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div data-block-name=\"woocommerce\/product-button\" data-font-size=\"small\" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop=\"true\" data-text-align=\"center\" class=\"wp-block-button wc-block-components-product-button is-style-outline align-center wp-block-woocommerce-product-button has-small-font-size\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-wp-context='{\"quantityToAdd\":1,\"productId\":1601,\"productType\":\"external\",\"addToCartText\":\"Mua ngay\",\"tempQuantity\":0,\"animationStatus\":\"IDLE\",\"inTheCartText\":\"### in cart\",\"noticeId\":\"\",\"hasPressedButton\":false}'\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button wc-block-components-product-button__button product_type_external has-font-size has-small-font-size has-text-align-center wc-interactive\" style=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/s.shopee.vn\/70GLPBhyAo\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-product_id=\"1601\" data-product_sku=\"\" aria-label=\"Mua ngay\" data-wp-on--click=\"woocommerce\/product-collection::actions.viewProduct\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span >Mua ngay<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00d4NG TY TNHH N\u00d4NG NGHI\u1ec6P SINH H\u1eccC 6768<\/strong><br><strong>\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9:&nbsp;<\/strong>12 M\u00ea Linh, Ph\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e2m Vi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng<br><strong>Hotline:<\/strong>&nbsp;0913 372 813 &#8211; Mr. Qu\u00e2n<br><strong>Facebook:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bio2avn\" rel=\"dofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bio2avn<\/a><br><strong>Youtube:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@bio2a\" rel=\"dofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@bio2a<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1 trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m vi sinh G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng &amp; n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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PH\u1ea8M SINH H\u1eccC Nano Carbon\u00a0trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Biocarb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng carbon c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nano carbon gi\u00fap\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bio2a&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bio2a","link":"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/category\/hoat-dong-bio2a\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Phan-huu-co-bio2a","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/568260427_122148306548669511_2998744924618152849_n-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/568260427_122148306548669511_2998744924618152849_n-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/568260427_122148306548669511_2998744924618152849_n-1.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/568260427_122148306548669511_2998744924618152849_n-1.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1488,"url":"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/2026\/04\/12\/giai-doc-hoa-hoc-tren-cay-cam-chuong\/","url_meta":{"origin":1810,"position":1},"title":"GI\u1ea2I \u0110\u1ed8C H\u00d3A H\u1eccC METYL-BROMIDE TR\u00caN C\u00c2Y C\u1ea8M CH\u01af\u1edaNG","author":"Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i Qu\u00e2n","date":"12 April, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"C\u00e2y c\u1ea9m ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc metyl-bromide d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u1edbi phun to\u00e0n v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y c\u1ea9m ch\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, ch\u00e1y l\u00e1, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng. Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng Nghi\u00eap&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng Nghi\u00eap","link":"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/category\/kien-thuc-nong-nghiep\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cay-tot-1-e1776049507802.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cay-tot-1-e1776049507802.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cay-tot-1-e1776049507802.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cay-tot-1-e1776049507802.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cay-tot-1-e1776049507802.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bio2a.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cay-tot-1-e1776049507802.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1501,"url":"https:\/\/bio2a.com\/en\/2026\/04\/12\/giai-quyet-vang-la-chan-hoa-cuc\/","url_meta":{"origin":1810,"position":2},"title":"GI\u1ea2I QUY\u1ebeT V\u00c0NG L\u00c1 CH\u00c2N, TU\u1ed8T L\u00c1 CH\u00c2N TR\u00caN C\u00c2Y HOA C\u00daC","author":"Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i Qu\u00e2n","date":"12 April, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft V\u00e0ng L\u00e1 Ch\u00e2n Hoa C\u00fac: Nguy\u00ean Nh\u00e2n, R\u1ee7i Ro V\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p Sinh H\u1ecdc B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng Cho S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ea9m 1. 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